Linear Algebra

About This Series

Linear algebra is a foundational branch of mathematics dealing with vectors and matrices. This series begins with the basics of vectors and matrices, then progresses through vector spaces, various derivations of determinants, eigenvalues and diagonalization, and finally applications.

Linear algebra underpins all areas of mathematics including analysis, geometry, and abstract algebra, and has become an essential tool in physics, engineering, data science, and machine learning.

Learning by Level

Learning Path

Intro High School Elementary Univ. 1-2 Intermediate Univ. 2-3 Advanced Univ. 3+/Grad Intro: Vectors, matrices, systems of equations, inverse matrices, determinants Elementary: Vector spaces, eigenvalue basics, introduction to determinants Intermediate: Diagonalization, complex eigenvalues, determinant derivations Advanced: Rigorous proofs, exterior algebra, applications (PCA, PageRank)

Key Topics

Vector Spaces

Definition of abstract vector spaces, linear independence, bases, and the concept of dimension.

Determinants

Definition and properties of determinants. Multiple approaches including Cramer's rule, cofactor expansion, the Leibniz formula, and exterior algebra.

Eigenvalues and Eigenvectors

Understanding the "essence" of a matrix. Diagonalization, complex eigenvalues, and spectral decomposition.

Applications

Differential equations, Markov chains, principal component analysis (PCA), and Google PageRank.

Frequently Asked Questions

Q1. What is linear algebra?

Linear algebra is a foundational branch of mathematics dealing with vectors and matrices. It systematically covers vector spaces, linear maps, determinants, eigenvalues, and eigenvectors. It serves as the foundation for analysis, geometry, and abstract algebra, and is an essential tool in physics, engineering, data science, and machine learning.

Q2. In what order should I study linear algebra?

This series offers four levels: Introductory (only high-school-level mathematics needed: vectors, matrices, systems of equations) → Elementary (university years 1-2: vector spaces, eigenvalue basics) → Intermediate (university years 2-3: diagonalization, determinant derivations) → Advanced (university year 3 to graduate: rigorous proofs, exterior algebra, applications).